How infection is prevented after brain surgery

Preventing infection starts before the incision. A single dose of intravenous antibiotics is given within an hour of the skin cut. The hair is either not shaved or clipped just before surgery, not the night before. The skin is prepared with a strong antiseptic.

In theatre, everything that touches the surgical field is sterile — instruments, drapes, gloves, gowns. Air flow in the operating room is carefully controlled. The wound is irrigated during closure.

The scalp is closed in layers so that no cerebrospinal fluid can leak through, and a light dressing is applied. Most craniotomy wounds are essentially dry within 24 hours.

At home, keep the wound clean and dry. You can shower gently after 48 hours in most cases; avoid baths, swimming and shampoos with strong fragrances until sutures or staples are removed at about ten days.

Warning signs to call about: increasing redness or swelling, wound drainage, fever above 38°C, or worsening headache. These are uncommon but need prompt attention.